David Ortega-Jiménez

Introducción: La interacción entre las demandas laborales y familiares constituye un factor relevante para la salud mental de los trabajadores. Objetivo: Determinar la relación entre la ansiedad y las dimensiones positivas y negativas de la interacción trabajo-familia en trabajadores ecuatorianos. Método: Se desarrolló un estudio cuantitativo, no experimental, transversal y correlacional con 295 trabajadores de instituciones públicas y privadas, seleccionados por conveniencia. Resultados: Los hallazgos revelaron que el 65.4 % de los participantes presentaron un nivel de ansiedad dentro del rango normal y el 34.6 % se ubicó en categorías superiores. Además, la ansiedad se asoció significativamente con la interacción negativa trabajo-familia. Por otra parte, las dimensiones positivas trabajo-familia no mostraron asociaciones significativas. Conclusión: La sintomatología ansiosa se relacionó principalmente con las dimensiones negativas de la interacción trabajo-familia, en especial con la interferencia familia-trabajo

Background: Physician burnout is a growing issue that affects both the quality of healthcare and the mental well-being of medical professionals. However, research on this phenomenon in Ecuador is limited and methodologically deficient. The objective of this study was to examine the national prevalence of burnout among Ecuadorian physicians, its associated factors, and its impact on mental health. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted on 1976 physicians from all provincial capitals of Ecuador (51.8% women; mean age: 37.1 years). Results: It was found that 25.3% of physicians had high levels of emotional exhaustion and 23.8% had high levels of depersonalization. Factors associated with the higher levels of emotional exhaustion among physicians included part-time jobs, long working hours, work–family conflicts, psychological inflexibility, and perceived loneliness. Higher levels of depersonalization were associated with working shifts, having work–family conflicts, exhibiting psychological inflexibility, and perceived loneliness, while lower levels of depersonalization were associated with being female. Experiencing higher levels of depersonalization were associated with suffering from higher levels of depression, while having higher levels of emotional exhaustion were associated with suffering from higher levels of stress. Conclusions: A considerable proportion of Ecuadorian physicians suffer from burnout. Preventive programs and psychological interventions tailored to their specific needs should be developed.

Background/Objectives: Although burnout among physicians is a serious and growing problem in healthcare, research on this issue in Ecuador is scarce and suffers from methodological limita-tions. This study examined the prevalence of burnout among Ecuadorian medical professionals at the national level, as well as its correlates and consequences on their mental health. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted with a sample of 1,976 physicians (51.8% women, mean age 37.1 years) from all provincial capitals of Ecuador. The presence of burnout was assessed, as well as sociodemographic, organizational, and psychological variables (including psychological in-flexibility, perceived loneliness, and symptoms of depression, anxiety, and stress). Results: Notably, 9.0% of physicians exhibited burnout syndrome. Working in shifts for more than eight hours a day, having work-family conflict, psychological inflexibility, and perceived loneliness were associated with an increased risk of suffering burnout. Meanwhile, being a woman was associated with a decrease in risk. The presence of burnout significantly increased the risk of experiencing depressive and stress symptoms. Conclusions: Clearly, a significant number of medical professionals suffer from burnout. As such, stakeholders should promote the develop-ment of prevention programs that incorporate the insights from this and other studies to design effective psychological interventions for burnout adapted to the specific needs of this population.

Nowadays, employees in the higher education sector are faced with an increasingly demanding environment, which can lead to high levels of stress and emotional exhaustion. In this context, the Demand-Resource Model can explain the different variables that influence the emotional exhaustion of professors. However, although the model has been tested on different samples of workers, there is a lack of literature on other variables that may mediate this relationship. In this sense, this research aims to investigate the mediating effect of psychological capital, a positive psychological construct, on the relationship between job demands and resources and its impact on emotional exhaustion. To this end, we conducted a survey of 205 professors from different Ecuadorian universities. Structural equation modeling (SEM) analysis was applied to the data collected. The results showed that high work resources had a direct impact on emotional exhaustion, as suggested by the model, and that this relationship was mediated by psychological capital. Similarly, high job demands (high work rhythms and emotional demands) were another source of emotional exhaustion, although in this case the relationship was not significantly mediated by psychological capital. The study shows that high job demands significantly increase emotional exhaustion, whereas an adequately resourced work environment, such as fair leadership and supervisor support, promotes psychological safety and reduces emotional exhaustion. Furthermore, psychological capital positively modulates the influence of resources on emotional exhaustion but shows no significant mediation with job demands.

Background: Although the use of technology is a trend, since the COVID-19 pandemic, its use has been exacerbated, especially in educational processes, causing techno-stress among teachers. Purpose: In order to contribute to the lack of validated and adapted instruments in Latin America, this study aimed to analyze the psychometric properties and factorial structure of the Spanish version of the technostress scale in a large sample of Ecuadorian teachers. Methods: A non-probabilistic intentional sample of 2850 teachers (mean age 40 years, SD= 9.65; 65% female) from various schools throughout the Ecuadorian territory was surveyed online using a cross-sectional design. Data analysis included exploratory (EFA) and confirmatory factor analysis (CFA), factorial invariance, assessment of internal consistency, sex differences in technostress scale scores and convergent validity. Results: The EFA yielded a structure of four factors: skepticism, fatigue, anxiety and inefficiency. Through CFA, the hierarchical model that included a general factor and four nested factors had a better fit, and that model remained invariant across sex, age and public and private institutions. Total omega value (ω) was 0.962 for the total scale and hierarchical omega values (ωh) were 0.886 for the general factor, as well as 0.30, 0.22, 0.12 and 0.21 for the respective nested factors (skepticism, fatigue, anxiety and inefficiency). Moreover, the Resources, Experiences, Demands for Information and Communication Technologies (RED/TIC) scores were significantly higher among women, although effect sizes of comparison of those sex differences were very small. Finally, the RED/TIC scores correlated with the Depression, Anxiety and Stress Scale (DASS-21). Conclusion: The RED/TIC scale has adequate psychometric properties in primary and high school teachers, and its use in that population is supported, which provides a valuable tool for the evaluation and detection of technostress in teachers and facilitates the investigation of this multifactorial phenomenon in Latin America.

Revista científica de Psicología Social, Adicciones y Salud en acceso abierto, publicada por el Instituto de Investigación de Drogodependencias de la Universidad Miguel Hernández

Psychological stress, loneliness, and psychological inflexibility are associated with poorer mental health and professional performance in university teachers. However, the relationship between these variables is understudied. The aim of the present study is to analyze the mediating role of psychological (in)flexibility on the effect of loneliness on psychological stress. A total of 902 professors from 11 universities in Ecuador were analyzed using standardized scales: the Perceived Stress Scale (PSS-14) to assess psychological stress, the Loneliness Scale Revised-Short (UCLA-3) for loneliness, and the Avoidance and Action Questionnaire (AAQ-7) and Life Engagement Test as double measures of psychological (in)flexibility. Mediation was tested by using PROCESS macro for SPSS. The results indicated that psychological flexibility mediated the relationship between loneliness and stress in university professors, regardless of sex and the measure of psychological (in)flexibility considered. The practical implications of the results are discussed herein.

El burnout constituye un fenómeno global, especialmente en el ámbito de profesionales de lasalud por las características propias de estos profesionales supondría una mayor vulnerabilidad (Gluschkoff, Elovainio, Kinnunen, Mullola, Hintsanen, Keltikangas-Järvinen y Hintsa, 2016;). La presente investigación tuvo como objetivo identificar el burnout y la relación con los rasgos de personalidad (extroversión, psicoticismo, neuroticismo). Se utilizó una metodología descriptiva y correlacional, con una muestra de accesibilidad no probalística de 149 médicos de la zona sur del Ecuador.Los instrumentos utilizados fueron Inventario de Maslach [MBI-HSS] y el cuestionario de personalidad de Eysenck Revisado- [EPQR-A]. Entre los resultados relevantes se obtuvo una prevalencia de 2.7% del síndrome de burnout, en cuanto al agotamiento emocional 25.5% un nivel alto, en despersonalización el 10.7% un nivel alto y el 59.1% tiene baja realización personal. Como conclusiones generales se pudo identificar una correlación significativa entre neuroticismo y el burnout y con las dimensiones agotamiento emocional; despersonalización, así como también entre extroversión y despersonalización.