Francisco Iván Hernández Cuevas

This study examines the impact of tourism on household income in Progreso, Yucatán, highlighting a significant income gap between households involved in tourism and those engaged in other activities. A quantitative approach was used, employing structured surveys to collect data from local households. Variables measured included the gender of the head of household, education level, years of schooling, English proficiency, and household assets. Households involved in tourism reported an average monthly income of MXN 40,147.35, compared to MXN 33,287.26 for non-tourism households—a difference of MXN 6,860.09. Female-headed households in tourism exceeded male-headed ones by nearly MXN 8,000 in income. English proficiency significantly influenced both tourism participation and resulting income. While tourism increases income, it does not statistically reduce poverty. The study recommends policies that promote women’s inclusion in the tourism sector, training in various skills and languages, and conducting similar research in other Yucatán destinations to inform more effective state-level tourism management strategies.

Mexican octopus fisheries play an important role in both domestic and international seafood markets, yet little is known about the determinants of retail price in the national frozen octopus sector. This study examines how trade flows and domestic demand interact to shape price dynamics, providing insights into sustainability challenges. Multiple linear regression was employed to test the influence of economic, production, and trade variables on retail prices, based on annual data from 2010 to 2024. The best-performing model identified average daily salary, apparent consumption and import value as significant determinants, explaining more than 90% of the observed variation. Results show that rising salaries and greater domestic consumption are exerting upward pressure on prices, while imports, although limited, contribute to price moderation. Export values have declined, signaling a weakening role of the international markets. These findings suggest that domestic demand is becoming increasingly important for sustaining value in the sector, but this shift could intensify fishing pressure on wild stocks. Strengthening compliance with management measures and aligning policies with domestic market realities are crucial to ensuring long-term sustainability of the Mexican octopus supply.

The COVID-19 pandemic has intensified socioeconomic disparities and food insecurity, leading to rising prices, product shortages, and reduced food quality. This study examines sustainable agri-food producers in Mérida, Yucatán, and their challenges in adopting circular economy practices. Through qualitative interviews with institutional directors and surveys of 32 producers from SlowFood Mérida and Círculo 47 markets, the research identifies significant adoption of the 5Rs (Reduce, Reuse, Recycle, Redesign, Revalue) in production and sales processes. However, limited funding and low consumer awareness hinder further progress. To address these barriers, the study recommends awareness campaigns, financial support, and streamlined supply chains to promote sustainability and economic resilience. These strategies aim to strengthen local agri-food systems, aligning profitability with environmental responsibility. JEL Codes: L1, L66, Q56. Received: 01/11/2024. Accepted: 09/05/2025. Published: 20/09/2025.

Catastrophic health expenditure can be exacerbated when people face economic hardship, ultimately affecting the most vulnerable households and those who must pay for prolonged treatment, which can lead to widening poverty gaps and economic and health inequalities in the population. To identify health expenditure in rural Mayan areas of Yucatan and determine the incidence of extreme poverty in its distribution, a quantitative, quasi-experimental, cross-sectional research design was carried out using a sample of 261 households in the Geohydrological Reserve of the Cenotes Ring in Yucatan. Descriptive statistics were used to obtain health expenditure and an econometric model was used to assess the impacts of extreme poverty on household health expenditure. The findings show that the average annual health expenditure per household is $MXN 3,040 ($US 149.60). The distribution of household expenditure is influenced by extreme poverty status, mainly in the increase in health expenditure by 5%, a reduction in expenditure on household services, education and assets with a 3% decrease in each. The impact of extreme poverty status on the annual health expenditure of rural households is $MXN 4,059 ($US 199.75). An updated health expenditure parameter was obtained that allows for the construction of health policy programmes oriented towards the most vulnerable population and thus to break the vicious circle of poverty.

El turismo posibilita alcanzar mejores niveles de bienestar para la sociedad; sin embargo, en la actualidad se cuestiona si realmente estos beneficios han llegado a la población receptora. El turismo sostenible es una alternativa de triple beneficio: conservación ambiental, desarrollo económico y social. El objetivo del documento es construir un índice de sostenibilidad turística en México. Con un enfoque cuantitativo, se analizaron 276 municipios de México denominados como plazas con vocación turística. A través del uso de fuentes secundarias se obtuvieron 25 variables procesadas por la técnica estadística de Análisis de Componentes Principales (ACP). Los resultados muestran un desempeño promedio nacional de 0,50, con la región del mar de Cortés como la mejor puntuada (0,57), y la península de Yucatán como la de menor desempeño (0,47). Esta información permite la adecuada formulación de políticas públicas de corte turístico orientadas a promover un desarrollo local sustentable en la sociedad.

Las finanzas corporativas sustentables son un mecanismo importante para hacer frente a la crisis climática y sus efectos adversos a la sociedad y el medio ambiente. Particularmente, se han propuesto e implementado los indicadores Ambiental, Social y Gobierno (ESG, por sus siglas en inglés) como un marco normativo de evaluación para las empresas de múltiples sectores. Los estudios realizados en materia de ESG aun no son concluyentes del todo, pero sirven para incorporar más que criterios económicos a las decisiones de inversión en las empresas y, de esta forma, orientarse en las inversiones responsables. Entre una variedad de criterios, la responsabilidad corporativa y la diversidad en posiciones de alta dirección ha cobrado relevancia en la actualidad. El objetivo de este trabajo es analizar el efecto de la inclusión de mujeres en posiciones de liderazgo de alta dirección en las empresas de alta capitalización y su impacto en los indicadores ESG. Se realizó un estudio longitudinal a través de datos panel balanceados de las empresas que componen el índice Standard & Poor's 500 así como del análisis de impacto mediante la Estimación Sintética de las Diferencias (SDID). Los resultados muestran un leve incremento en la participación de las mujeres en los altos mandos (CEO), particularmente en los últimos años (2020-2022). Existe una incidencia estadísticamente positiva entre la participación de una mujer CEO en un mejor desempeño de los indicadores ESG de las empresas, con un impacto de 0.2401 puntos, siendo el indicador ambiental el mayor impactado, con 0.6522 puntos.