Bohdan Pelekhan

Aim: To evaluate and compare the antimicrobial efficacy of commonly used endodontic irrigation solutions against bacterial and fungal isolates recovered from infected root canals in patients with apical periodontitis, in order to determine their relative effectiveness against clinically relevant endodontic microorganisms. Materials and Methods: The strains of opportunistic microorganisms representing the optionally anaerobic transient microflora of the oral cavity were used in the study. 11 chemical solutions used to eliminate microorganisms in the root canal, were applied in the microbiological study. Microbial cultures were isolated from the infected root canal and identified on the basis of morphological, cultural properties and such biochemical microtests as “STAPHYtest 16”, “STREPTOtest 16” (Lachema, Czech Republic) and test systems VITEK 2 GP and VITEK 2 YST (biomerieux, France) using VITEK 2 Compact analyzer. Results: Comparing the effect of irrigation solutions on S.aureus MSSA bacteria, such irrigant as Chlorhexedin 2% (Endohex) provided the most positive result Hypochlorite 5.25% (Cerkamed) provided a positive effect on C.ablicans as well constituting 88.82±1.65 in comparison with Chlorhexedine 2% (29.22±0). Citric acid 40% (Cerkamed) was the best to eliminated S.gordonii (27.28±0.35). However, Maleic acid 6% showed the least effect on it (6.55±0.45). Hypochlorite 5.25% (Cerkamed), Hypochlorite 6% Chloran showed the best influence on the Candida group, while Citric acid 40% showed the lowest influence. Conclusions: The conducted microbiological studies showed a diverse effect of irrigation solutions on groups of different microorganisms causing periodontitis. The obtained results provide an opportunity to select differentially irrigation solutions for the elimination of microorganisms detected in the root canals. A positive result of the elimination of irrigation solutions on microorganisms causing periodontitis is observed.

Aim: To compare the adhesive ability of resident and transient representatives of the oral cavity microflora to various base materials used for the manufacture of removable dentures.Material and methods: The presented report is an experimental study in vitro. 3 types of base materials, namely Vertex, Breflex and Villacryl were used in order to evaluate the adhesive ability of microorganisms. Strains of opportunistic pathogens representing the facultative anaerobic transient microflora of the oral cavity were used for the research. After the cultures cultivation, the number of isolated colonies grown from the microbial cells that adhered to the material sample was counted.Results: Staphylococci adhered to all tested samples of base materials very weakly. Adhesion of methicillin-sensitive S. aureus ( to Villacryl was at the level of the control material, i.e. glass (adhesion indices constituted 0.58 and 0.64). It was significantly weaker in relation to Breflex (adhesion index was 0.47) and, especially, to Vertex (adhesion index was 0.39). All materials demonstrated adhesion indices lower than glass for α-hemolytic streptococci and staphylococci. Adhesion indices of Breflex and Villacryl resin for β-hemolytic streptococci differed little from the corresponding values ​​of glass.Conclusions: All tested samples of base materials showed significant biological inertness: the adhesion indices of the vast majority of the tested microorganisms were lower than those of the control material. Oral streptococci showed the weakest adhesive ability to Villacryl (average values of adhesion indices 0.51 and 0.68 appropriately). Staphylococci and Candida yeast-like fungi showed a weak adhesive ability to the samples of base materials, especially to Vertex.

Aim: To study the main differences in the intensity of growth of microbial strains of oral origin when they are cultivated in the presence of base resins that are widely used in the clinic of prosthetic dentistry.Material and methods: 3 types of base resin samples were used to evaluate the impact on the growth of microorganisms. Strains of opportunistic pathogens representing the facultative anaerobic transient microflora of the oral cavity were used for the research. Microbial cultures were isolated from the oral mucosa of the patients with removable dentures. The optical density of the culture was determined using a multi-mode photometer. Control growth of the cultures was evaluated under similar cultivation conditions in test tubes with a nutrient medium without resin samples.Results: All resins reduced the intensity of polyantibiotic-resistant S. aureus MRSA growth compared to control samples. The impact on S. epedermidis growth was different. Thus, Vertex and Вreflex reduced the growth intensity insignificantly, and Villacryl increased it to the level of 1.104 ±0.026 CU in comparison with glass constituting 1.178 ±0.033 CU. All studied resins inhibited the growth of polyantibiotic-resistant S. aureus MRSA. Villacryl resin had the least impact on the growth of S. epedermidis. Villacryl resin inhibited C. albicans growth only by 13.70%, and the other two resins inhibited it by 25% on average.Conclusions: The conducted microbiological studies showed the diverse influence of base materials on such important indicators as the optical density of cultures grown in the presence of base resins and the growth inhibition index of cultures.

The objective of the research: to define the dynamics of changes in bioelectric activity of mm. masseter dexter et sinister in patients with mandible edentulousness treated by means of four implant-supported dental prostheses of various types. 105 patients were examined at the premises of the Center of Dentistry of the University Clinic of Ivano-Frankivsk National Medical University. 30 individuals out of 105 at the age of 23-28 with intact dentition, without somatic pathology were included in the control group. 75 patients with mandible edentulousness underwent clinical examination, prosthodontic treatment, and follow-up. 3 clinical groups (Group I; II; III) were formed from this cohort of patients depending on the structural features of the manufactured dental prostheses. We conducted electromyography of mm. masseter dexter et sinister to the patients of the examination groups (n = 75) and the control group (n = 30) in order to achieve the objective of the research. The examination was performed by means of two-channel electroneuromyographic complex “Neuro-EMG-Micro” (“Neurosoft”) in the functional diagnostics office at the premises of the Department of Dentistry of Postgraduate Study Faculty at IFNMU. Quantitative indicators of bioelectrical activity of the right and left masticatory muscles were analyzed. Namely, the average values of the maximum amplitudes (μV) when performing the test of maximum bite force were analyzed. Recording of electromyographic indicators was performed before the prosthodontic treatment, 14 days after the fixation of the dental prosthesis, in 6 months and 12 months after the dental prosthesis functioning in order to study the dynamics of changes in the indicators of the examination groups. Electromyography recording and analysis of the findings in the individuals of the control group was performed once. Analyzing quantitative indicators of electromyographic examination significant differences in the dynamics of an increase in the indicators in 12 months compared to the initial indicators depending on the type of fixed dental prosthesis (subgroup A рІ-ІІІ<0.001; subgroup B рІ-ІІІ<0.001) and the order of prosthodontic treatment (рА-Б <0.001 for all groups of patients) were observed. Despite the fact that bioelectric indicators of mm. masseter dexter et sinister activity in the patients of the examination groups approximated to the indices of the control group, the dynamics of change was not equivalent and depended on the type of the dental prosthesis. The dynamics of an increase in the indicators of the patients in the examination groups differed by growth, however, the greatest increase was recorded in the period of “14 days” – “6 months” after the fixation of the dental prosthesis. On performing the test of maximum bite, the indicators of the masticatory muscles bioelectrical activity increased during the period named “before the treatment” – “12 months of functioning” most of all in IIIA examination group – by 66.52% (рd<0.001) on the right and by 76.37% (рd<0.001) on the left; and IIIB examination group – by 61.63% (рd<0.001) on the right and 67.20% (рd<0.001) on the left. The lowest indicators have increased in patients of IA examination group – 39.98% (рd<0.001) on the right and 39.95% (рd<0.001) on the left and IB examination group – by 32.48% (рd<0.001) on the right and by 34.75% (рd<0.001) on the left. The objective of the research: to define the dynamics of changes in bioelectric activity of mm. masseter dexter et sinister in patients with mandible edentulousness treated by means of four implant-supported dental prostheses of various types. 105 patients were examined at the premises of the Center of Dentistry of the University Clinic of Ivano-Frankivsk National Medical University. 30 individuals out of 105 at the age of 23-28 with intact dentition, without somatic pathology were included in the control group. 75 patients with mandible edentulousness underwent clinical examination, prosthodontic treatment, and follow-up. 3 clinical groups (Group I; II; III) were formed from this cohort of patients depending on the structural features of the manufactured dental prostheses. We conducted electromyography of mm. masseter dexter et sinister to the patients of the examination groups (n = 75) and the control group (n = 30) in order to achieve the objective of the research. The examination was performed by means of two-channel electroneuromyographic complex “Neuro-EMG-Micro” (“Neurosoft”) in the functional diagnostics office at the premises of the Department of Dentistry of Postgraduate Study Faculty at IFNMU. Quantitative indicators of bioelectrical activity of the right and left masticatory muscles were analyzed. Namely, the average values of the maximum amplitudes (μV) when performing the test of maximum bite force were analyzed. Recording of electromyographic indicators was performed before the prosthodontic treatment, 14 days after the fixation of the dental prosthesis, in 6 months and 12 months after the dental prosthesis functioning in order to study the dynamics of changes in the indicators of the examination groups. Electromyography recording and analysis of the findings in the individuals of the control group was performed once. Analyzing quantitative indicators of electromyographic examination significant differences in the dynamics of an increase in the indicators in 12 months compared to the initial indicators depending on the type of fixed dental prosthesis (subgroup A рІ-ІІІ<0.001; subgroup B рІ-ІІІ<0.001) and the order of prosthodontic treatment (рА-Б <0.001 for all groups of patients) were observed. Despite the fact that bioelectric indicators of mm. masseter dexter et sinister activity in the patients of the examination groups approximated to the indices of the control group, the dynamics of change was not equivalent...

Today, an interdisciplinary approach to solving the problems of implantology is key to the effective use of intraosseous dental implantations. The functional properties of restoration structures for the dentition depend significantly on the mechanical stresses that occur in the structural elements and bone tissues in response to mastication loads. An orthopedic design with a bar fixation system connected to implants may be considered to restore an edentulous mandible using an overdenture. In this study, the problem of the mechanics of a complete overdenture based on a bar and four implants was formulated. A mathematical model of the interaction between the orthopedic structure and jawbone was developed, and a methodology was established for the analytical study of the stress state of the implants and adjacent bone tissue under the action of a chewing load. The novelty of the proposed model is that it operates with the minimum possible set of input data and provides adequate estimates of the most significant output parameters that are necessary for practical application. The obtained analytical results are illustrated by two examples of calculating the equivalent stresses in implants and the peri-implant tissue for real overdenture designs. To carry out the final assessment of the strength of the implants and bone, the prosthesis was loaded with mastication loads of different localization. In particular, the possibilities of loading the prosthesis in the area of the sixth and seventh teeth were investigated. Recommendations on the configuration of the distal cantilever of the overdenture and the acceptable level and distribution of the mastication load are presented. It was determined that, from a mechanical point of view, the considered orthopedic systems are capable of providing long-term success if they are used in accordance with established restrictions and recommendations.

The article presents a clinical case of the prosthodontic treatment of the mandible edentulousness. Edentulousness is a widespread pathology that depends on the social and economic situation in the country, the demographic situation, the level of dental care and prevention organization. The current worldwide trend of population aging leads to an increase in the number of the elderly, and this number is expected to increase in the future. According to the WHO, today about 600 million people are people over 60, and this number will have doubled by 2030 and will constitute 2 billion in 2050 mostly in developed countries. The situation in Ukraine is not better. Functional and aesthetic rehabilitation of patients with edentulousness requires a comprehensive approach to the prosthodontic treatment planning. Complete removable laminar dentures on the mandible have a number of disadvantages. Insufficient fixation, stabilization, diction problems, aesthetic problems, decreased self-esteem of the patient are among the key ones. Modern protocols of the prosthodontic treatment require the manufacture of dental prostheses based on intraosseous dental implants. Complete dentures based on intraosseous dental implants have a number of advantages over the fixed dentures. Compensation for deficient bone support of the facial soft tissues occurs by means of the basis. Patients’ possibility to remove a secondary restoration by themselves lead to proper hygiene of the oral cavity and peri-implant area in particular. The clinical research conducted by S. Wolfart (2016) showed the possibility of fixed/removable dental prosthesis fixation in 14-31 days (early loading) after the surgical stage of implantation provided that 4-6 intraosseous dental implants were installed. The maximum mobilization of the patient to comply with the recommendations and prescriptions is the main task considering the limited postoperative period before the dental prosthesis fixation. Our publication describes the treatment of a patient born in 1967, who was diagnosed with a mandible complete absence of teeth. Diagnosis, examination and treatment were performed on the basis of the Department of Dentistry Postgraduate Education of Ivano-Frankivsk National Medical University. The described prosthodontic treatment plan involves the manufacture of a complete denture with bar system based on four intraosseous dental implants according to the early loading protocol in a patient with primary treatment of mandible edentulousness. The choice of treatment plan was based on the results of past medical history, the patient’s disease, basic and additional methods of examination, analysis of individual indications and contraindications and readiness for the selected treatment plan. This treatment protocol has its advantages over the protocol of manufacturing a fixed prosthesis based on intraosseous dental implants such as a higher level of proprioceptive sensations, increased level of hygiene, lower complexity of clinical and laboratory stages, affordability. The term of clinical and laboratory stages of manufacturing (from the surgical stage of implant treatment to the fixation of the dental prosthesis) constituted 16 days. Additional opportunities for success in clinical and laboratory stages of treatment, the accuracy of manufacture and minimization of complications in the future were created as a result of the combination of digital and analog treatment methods in dental prosthesis manufacturing. The article presents a clinical case of the prosthodontic treatment of the mandible edentulousness. Edentulousness is a widespread pathology that depends on the social and economic situation in the country, the demographic situation, the level of dental care and prevention organization. The current worldwide trend of population aging leads to an increase in the number of the elderly, and this number is expected to increase in the future. According to the WHO, today about 600 million people are people over 60, and this number will have doubled by 2030 and will constitute 2 billion in 2050 mostly in developed countries. The situation in Ukraine is not better. Functional and aesthetic rehabilitation of patients with edentulousness requires a comprehensive approach to the prosthodontic treatment planning. Complete removable laminar dentures on the mandible have a number of disadvantages. Insufficient fixation, stabilization, diction problems, aesthetic problems, decreased self-esteem of the patient are among the key ones. Modern protocols of the prosthodontic treatment require the manufacture of dental prostheses based on intraosseous dental implants. Complete dentures based on intraosseous dental implants have a number of advantages over the fixed dentures. Compensation for deficient bone support of the facial soft tissues occurs by means of the basis. Patients’ possibility to remove a secondary restoration by themselves lead to proper hygiene of the oral cavity and peri-implant area in particular. The clinical research conducted by S. Wolfart (2016) showed the possibility of fixed/removable dental prosthesis fixation in 14-31 days (early loading) after the surgical stage of implantation provided that 4-6 intraosseous dental implants were installed. The maximum mobilization of the patient to comply with the recommendations and prescriptions is the main task considering the limited postoperative period before the dental prosthesis fixation. Our publication describes the treatment of a patient born in 1967, who was diagnosed with a mandible complete absence of teeth. Diagnosis, examination and treatment were performed on the basis of the Department of Dentistry Postgraduate Education of Ivano-Frankivsk National Medical University. The described prosthodontic treatment plan involves the manufacture of a complete denture with bar system based on four intraosseous dental implants according to the early loading protocol in a patient with...

The objective of the research was to explore the relationship between different psychological types of patients with an edentulous mandible and their attitudes toward postoperative recommendations and prescriptions after early implant loading treatment. Materials and Methods. The study was conducted at the Dentistry Center (University Clinic, Ivano-Frankivsk National Medical University), November 2019 - March 2020. Study group consisted of 28 individuals with an edentulous mandible. Patients were divided into subgroups (philosophical, exacting-mind, indifferent, and hysterical) based on their mental characteristics. Surveys about complaints, compliance with postoperative recommendations and prescriptions were performed on the 2nd, 4th, 8-10th and 12-14th days after surgical treatment. Results. Clinical evaluation data, patients' complaints, and compliance with the postoperative treatment protocol after early implant loading treatment were analyzed. The degree of compliance to prescribed recommendations in patients with different psychological types were evaluated and discussed. Conclusions. According to the results within the limitations of this study, it can be concluded that compliance with postoperative recommendations and prescriptions is highly dependent on the patient' psychological type.