Olivia Orquiza de Carvalho Zara

Na cidade capitalista, entendida enquanto produto histórico e social, (re)produzida por diferentes agentes sociais, o processo de segregação é intrínseco à sua formação, sendo impulsionada pelos agentes comprometidos com a (re)produção do capital. Londrina produz a segregação urbana desde a sua gênese, negando o direito à moradia e à cidade para famílias de baixa ou nenhuma renda, obstaculizadas pelo mercado. Nesse contexto, a construção coletiva de uma nova política habitacional se torna um instrumento de luta pelo direito à moradia e à cidade. O objetivo é analisar as ações de um coletivo que tem mobilizado grupos sociais diversos, desde 2021, no processo de criação e implementação de uma política habitacional que inclua o serviço de Assistência Técnica para Habitação de Interesse Social (ATHIS) neste município do Paraná, à luz do direito à cidade. Trata-se de uma pesquisa-ação-participante (PAP), em andamento, com parte dos autores envolvidos em um projeto integrado, por sujeitos sociais de diferentes segmentos técnicos e representantes populares, objetivando organizar e implementar essa política pública por meio da iniciativa popular com o fim de enfrentar a demanda por moradias, caminhando no sentido de avançar na luta pelo direito à cidade, de forma democrática e participativa.

Urban areas are complex, multifunctional, long-lasting dynamic systems responsible for impressive resource consumption and environmental impacts. Assessments at the neighbourhood scale offers an important complexity compromise. This paper scrutinizes approaches for handling uncertainty analysis (UA) and sensitivity analysis (SA) in LCAs at the neighbourhood scale, aiming at identifying inconsistencies, limitations and challenges, and supporting the development of assessment guidelines. A systematic literature review was performed. Results from the final 35-paper sample show that only one-third of the papers actually performed some calculation. Two of the most recent ones used Monte Carlo (MC) simulations, whilst SA was mainly carried out through scenarios. Despite no clear trend is shown, this may indicate attempts to also apply MC at the neighbourhood scale. The basic quest in UA and SA, particularly global sensitivity analysis, is to balance quality and completeness of output information and computational force needed. Automating calculations, using lighter sampling methods and fast calculators should be further investigated. Finally, future studies could also focus on defining a minimum group of parameters to investigate and on which strategy to follow in specific data availability circumstances. Fuzzy sets seem better for environmental assessments with high degree of uncertainties and probabilistic distributions give results that are more precise. Dynamic models, future scenario uncertainty and spatial uncertainties propagation should also be further explored once the basic challenges for uncertainty assessment are overcome.

Uncertainties evaluation is increasingly gaining traction within life cycle assessment (LCA), due to its key role as environmental decision support tool. When applied at whole-building scale, the large variety of materials, subjective choices and long lifespans introduce parameter, scenario and model uncertainties throughout the life cycle. Since normative choices are unavoidable within whole-building LCA (wbLCA), in this article we carried out a so-called ‘scenario’ uncertainty assessment for one illustrative case study. First, three uncertainty sources were selected, to include the two drivers most frequently cited in literature (reference service life and end of life management alternatives) and material wastage, a relevant issue to factor in variable construction optimization levels in contexts like Brazil. Cumulative energy demand (CED) and CML 2001 v.2.05 methods were used for calculating deterministic values of non-renewable embodied energy and global warming potential in SimaPro 7.3 The uncertainty assessment combined scenario analysis, stochastic modelling (Monte Carlo simulation of triangular probability distributions for the uncertainty drivers investigated) and global sensitivity analysis (GSA). The GSA confirmed the dominant contribution of the operational phase - strongly influenced by components replacement rate - to of life cycle non-renewable embodied energy and global warming potential result variance, whilst construction and end of life stages showed no correlation with life cycle results. Findings from this research also highlight the strategic importance of gathering service life information adherent to the assessed context. Building components replacement rates induced by the Brazilian standard are overestimated relatively to international figures used in LCAs worldwide.