Vitaliy Bash

The article examines the impact of mining technology on production costs and the economic condition of mining enterprises. The necessity of clarifying the widespread perception in mining practice regarding the decisive influence of mining depth on the economics of an extraction enterprise is substantiated. Using the examples of the "Pivdennodonbaska No. 1" coal mine and PrJSC "Sukha Balka", which engages in underground iron ore mining, the possibility of a systemic deviation from the expected dependence is demonstrated: a mining enterprise operating at a significantly greater depth can achieve lower production costs. To identify the causes of this phenomenon, a statistical analysis of production cost components and the ecological rucksack method (MIPS), which allows for the accounting of hidden material flows of production, were utilized. Regression models of the ecological rucksack mass for coal and iron ore production were constructed, and the connection between its components and production costs was investigated. Significant inter-industry differences in the structure of material flows and cost formation were established; for iron ore production, a significant correlation between production costs and the abiotic component of the ecological rucksack was identified. The proposition that mining depth in itself does not determine the economic performance of an extraction enterprise—the technological foundation being decisive—is substantiated. The increasing complexity of equipment, rising power-to-labor ratio, and material intensity can create new economic constraints. It is shown that increasing productivity, mechanization, automation, and digitalization of production are not unconditional guarantees of an enterprise's economic viability. It is proposed to evaluate the technological development of mining enterprises not only by the level of productivity and technological equipment but also by changes in the structure of costs and hidden material flows.

The article is devoted to a topical subject of distributed generation of electrical energy. The cage and skip mine hoists of the iron ore mining enterprise were considered as generators of electrical energy. The purpose of the study is to compare theoretical and experimental data on electricity generation by mine hoisting units of the Sukha Balka PJSK (Kryvyi Rih, Ukraine). The research methods are theoretical ones – on the transformation of the potential energy of a solid body into electrical energy during its movement through a mine shaft, and experimental ones – involving instrumental measurements of the consumption and generation of electrical energy by cage and skip hoists units during industrial operation. Research schedule: collection and processing of information on the operation of the cage and skip hoists of the mine named after Frunze and similar indicators of the cage and skip hoists units of the Yuvileyna mine for the period from September 1 to December 31, 2021. The novelty of the research lies in the instrumental measurement of the electrical parameters of mine hoists in real Ukrainian operating conditions. The most significant results: it was found that the volumes of electricity generation by mine cage hoists significantly exceed the results of skip hoists. The actual indicators of electricity generation by cage hoists units are much lower than the results of theoretical estimates. There is an imbalance between the generation and consumption of energy resources – 9% for the cage elevation of the mine Frunze; about 2% for the cage hoist of the Yuvileyna mine; less than 1% on skip units. It was found that there is a statistically significant correlative relationship between the generation and consumption of electricity by the cage hoist of the mine named after Frunze and no statistically significant relationship between the generation and consumption of electricity by the cage hoist unit of the Yuvileyna mine. The electricity obtained from the daily operation of two cage and two skip units of the Sukha Balka PJSC (approximately 400 kWh) is enough to power 58 average Ukrainian households.

The object of research: the “backpack factors”, which are five products: biotic materials; abiotic materials; water; air; soil that has been moved. Investigated problem: to develop a regression model of an ecological backpack that considers the statistical significance of factors for Ukrainian iron ore mining enterprises. The main scientific results: by experimental investigations were conducted following a 2(5-2) matrix plan, consisting of 8 experiments, was determined that 4 factors are statistically significant, excluding the first factor, biotic materials. The most substantial influence on the response function is attributed to air, which includes both mine ventilation flows and compressed air used during iron ore mining. Water represents the second most influential factor, followed by the volume of displaced rock, and finally, abiotic factors, particularly electricity and fuel. Hence, iron ore mining operations essentially function as air processing and water disposal enterprises, highlighting their prominence within this specific domain. The area of practical use of the research results: In line with the principles of the case method, our research is conducted using a real operational enterprise Sukha Balka PJSC located in the city of Kryvyi Rih, Ukraine. Data collection is achieved through a method of multi-year monitoring of the company's activities spanning from 2000 to 2021, which forms the basis for our case study. In the future, it would be prudent to develop ecological backpack models tailored to open-pit iron ore mining enterprises. Innovative technological product: Calculating MIpS 2.0 from Material Flow Analys (MFA) field. Scope of the innovative technological product: The obtained regression relationship enables the prediction of the ecological backpack's fullness based on input factor values.

The muscle power of a company's personnel, when compared to the total energy expenditure, corresponds to the level of engineering error, which has led to the complete rejection of this factor in practice. In this article, the general function of energy consumption by the enterprise is considered to be the sum of technological sector costs and the energy costs of personnel. Three norms of energy consumption of human labor are applied: physical, economic using macroeconomic indicators, and economic of an institutional nature. The main goal of our study is to assess the energy costs of human labor using various approaches and to test the statistical significance of the impact of the obtained results on the overall energy intensity of a given enterprise. Using the method of the Box-Wilson multifactorial experiment, a study of the influence of factors on the total consumption of energy resources was carried out. It is proven that labor costs in the energy aspect, even when measured by the physical method, have a statistically significant effect. The physical method should be recommended as the primary approach for industrial enterprises. Underestimation of the energy parameters of living labor creates the risk of irresponsible consumption and production.

The last period (starting with the pandemic) cataclysms determined the importance for the macro- and microeconomies resilience as the ability of ecosystems, business, society to cope with shocks and continue to function in approximately the same way. The topic of resilience is extremely important for mining companies, because they cannot afford any relocation and industrial repurposing. The goal of this work is to clarify the essence of resilience and identify the factors that determine it for subjects of the market system. Research methods: general scientific – abstraction, analysis, synthesis, observation, generalization; the microcosm-system approach, which is an extension of the world-system approach to microeconomics; cumulative cost curves; single-factor production functions; methods of mathematical and statistical analysis; Zipf-Pareto law. The base of observations is the global coking coal market, production and economic indicators of the Ukrainian iron ore mining company. It is shown that the unprofitability of industrial and commercial activity is a necessary but not sufficient condition for the microcosm-economy to lose resilience. The loss of resilience is a process whose active actors, along with the direct subjects of the market, are their owners, the state and other subjects and authorities. The final stage of resilience loss occurs after the market subject crosses a certain point of no return. A model of a certain market is a cumulative cost curve. The final part of the cumulative cost curve`s graph, where the elements with the worst economic characteristics (high-risk group) are located, is significantly non-linear. The rank of the element position on the curve mathematically determines with the Zipf-Pareto law the cost value and identify the zone of market entities profitable functioning according with the market price of products. The application of the logit-regression model makes it possible to estimate the probability of a market subject's profitability loss at its inherent cost and the confidence interval of prices observed during a certain period. The risk degree of resilience loss is determined not only by the factors of the market itself, but also by the production function characteristic of the subject of market activity. The article provides an example of a one-factor logarithmic production function of a Ukrainian iron ore mining company.