Dina Agylia Rahmandari

The frequency of canary imports continues to increase every year. Antibiotic resistance is a global problem that threatens human and animal health worldwide. Human interaction with birds as pets is a public health concern because it has the potential to increase zoonotic diseases. This study was conducted to identify the antibiotic resistance of E. coli using fecal swab samples of imported canaries from Malaysia. Samples were grown on an EMBA medium for the isolation test, Gram staining test, and IMViC test were performed to continue the identification test -Kirby-Bauer diffusion test - to determine antibiotic sensitivity. Based on morphological culture, Gram staining, and biochemical tests, the sample examination results showed 18% (27/150) were positive for E. coli, 16% (24/150) showed the highest resistance to tetracycline, 15,33% (23/150) amoxicillin, 12,66% (19/150) trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole, 6% (9/150) ciprofloxacin, and 14,66% (22/150) isolates were confirmed MDR because they were resistant to three to four antibiotics. Further efforts are needed to understand and address the factors that lead to antibiotic resistance in the context of animal and public health. Prudent management of antibiotic use and monitoring of antibiotic resistance needs to be improved to maintain animal health and prevent the risk of transmission of resistant bacteria to humans.

Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is a top priority for the WHO and the EU Commission, considering it a top 10 threat to global public health. This study provides an overview of the potential spread of Klebsiella pneumoniae, which exhibits multi-drug resistance (MDR), as a reservoir for the spread of resistance genes in the community. Samples were incubated on an MCA medium for isolation, followed by a Gram stain test and an IMViC test for further identification. The Kirby-Bauer diffusion test was used to determine antibiotic sensitivity. Based on the morphological characterization of the cultures, Gram stain results, and biochemical tests, it was found that, of the 150 samples isolated, 12 (8%) were positive for K. pneumoniae; 91.66% (11/12) of the isolates showed the highest level of resistance to amoxicillin, 83.33% (10/12) to tetracycline, 66.66% (8/12) to ciprofloxacin, and 66.66% (8/12) to trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole. As many as 83.33% (10/12) were identified as MDR as they showed resistance to three to four types of antibiotics. Judicious use of antibiotics, including proper selection of antibiotics and monitoring of their usage patterns, is key to maintaining treatment effectiveness. Joint efforts from various parties are needed to optimize the use of antibiotics and minimize the risk of bacterial resistance.