Objective: the aim of the study was to analyze the retrocochlear function of full-term children born small for gestational age (SGA) compared to children of the same age range born appropriate for gestational age (AGA). Methods: cross-sectional comparative and analytical study in a sample of 36 children born full-term term, aged between 5 and 9 years old, of both sexes, divided into two groups: case group (SGA: n = 24) and control group (AGA: n = 12). The study analyzed pure-tone auditory thresholds, contralateral acoustic reflexes and brainstem auditory evoked potentials (BAEP) (absolute latency of waves I, III and V and I-III, III-V and I-V interpeak intervals). We analyzed the acquired data comparing the SGA and AGA groups, using Student’s t test for quantitative variables and Pearson’s chi-square test for categorical variables and setting the level of significance at p <0.05. Results: although the hearing threshold was normal in both groups, we found statistical significant differences between the groups in the acoustic reflexes at a frequency of 2 kHz in the left ear (p = 0.032) and, in the BAEP, in wave III in the right ear (p = 0.033) and left ear (p = 0.021) and in the I-III interpeak interval (p = 0.005) in the right ear. Conclusion: children born full-term and small for gestational age may exhibit retrocochlear dysfunction despite having normal peripheral hearing thresholds. Therefore, children born SGA should be considered at potential risk for alterations in the integrity of the auditory pathways, and periodic audiological follow-up is recommended, particularly during school age (5 to 9 years), in order to identify possible late-onset manifestations.