Dionathas Medeiros Felix da Costa

O presente estudo teve como objetivo analisar a Política Nacional de Resíduos Sólidos (PNRS) e o princípio da responsabilidade compartilhada, destacando suas implicações para o desenvolvimento sustentável. Para tanto, realizou-se uma revisão bibliográfica de legislação, doutrina e estudos acadêmicos relacionados à gestão de resíduos sólidos, à logística reversa, à atuação de diferentes atores sociais e à sustentabilidade ambiental, econômica e social. Os resultados evidenciaram que a PNRS estabelece um arcabouço normativo robusto que atribui deveres a fabricantes, importadores, distribuidores, comerciantes, consumidores e poder público, promovendo a integração de esforços e a corresponsabilização pelo ciclo de vida dos produtos. Identificou-se, porém, que sua efetiva implementação ainda enfrenta desafios como desigualdade regional, insuficiência de infraestrutura, limitações financeiras e baixa conscientização social. Conclui-se que a aplicação efetiva da PNRS, aliada ao engajamento de todos os atores e ao fortalecimento das políticas públicas, contribui significativamente para a redução de impactos ambientais, o estímulo à economia circular e a inclusão social, consolidando-se como instrumento estratégico para o desenvolvimento sustentável no Brasil.

Objective: The objective of this research was to analyze the role of biotechnology in waste management and in promoting sustainable solutions for the environment. Methodology: The methodology adopted to conduct this research was predominantly qualitative, with an emphasis on bibliographic review. Scientific articles, books, reports and studies that addressed the use of biotechnology in waste management were consulted. Data analysis was conducted based on a critical interpretation of the studies found, with an emphasis on practical contributions and future implications. Results and data analysis: The results obtained indicated that biotechnology has great potential in waste management, especially in the biodegradation of organic waste and in the transformation of waste into biofuels. The use of microorganisms, such as bacteria and fungi, has shown efficiency in the decomposition of organic waste, reducing the amount of material destined for landfills and incinerators, in addition to producing compounds useful as fertilizers. The production of biofuels from organic waste, such as agricultural and food waste, has also proven to be a promising alternative to replace fossil fuel sources, contributing to the reduction of greenhouse gas emissions and the fight against climate change. The analysis revealed that, although biotechnology technologies are advancing, there are still significant challenges to their large-scale implementation. The economic viability of these technologies is one of the main barriers, since the development and application costs can be high compared to traditional waste management methods, such as incineration and landfills. In addition, adapting biotechnology processes to deal with different types of waste, especially highly toxic or contaminated waste, represents an additional complexity. The resistance of companies and society to adopt biotechnology technologies, often due to lack of knowledge or concerns about safety, was also identified as a challenge. Final considerations: The research highlighted the growing importance of biotechnology in waste management and in building sustainable solutions for the environment. Biotechnology offers efficient and cleaner alternatives for the treatment and transformation of waste, favoring the circular economy and the reduction of negative environmental impacts, such as soil, water and air pollution. However, the challenges identified, such as economic viability, adaptation of technologies to different types of waste and public acceptance, require more investment in research, development and education. The relevance of this research lies in its contribution to the understanding of the possibilities and limitations of biotechnology, providing a basis for future research and for the development of public policies and business practices aimed at sustainable waste management. The implementation of biotechnological solutions in waste management can be an important step towards building a more responsible and sustainable development model, which takes into account the needs of the present without compromising future generations.