Oğuz Kağan Köksal

In this study, CeO₂ thin films were produced using the spin coting method, which is one of the sol–gel methods, in six different molarities. X-ray diffraction (XRD) patterns revealed the characteristic peaks of the films, while Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscopy (FESEM) confirmed their homogeneous structure. Then, radiation shielding parameters like linear absorption coefficient (LAC), mass absorption coefficient (MAC), tent value layer (TVL), mean free path (MFP), and half value layer (HVL) were thoroughly examined. The results showed that increasing molarity had a significant effect on the thickness values of thin films and the absorption parameters were found to improve with increasing molarity. Both LAC and MAC values decrease as the energy level increases, but the increase in CeO₂ molarity leads to a strong increase on these coefficients. The HVL value was also found to be 0.42 cm at the lowest energy of 14.957 keV and to be around 10 cm at the greatest energy of 59.543 keV (0.05 M). When the radiation energy applied to the material was raised from 14.957 keV to 59.543 keV, it was found that the MFP values of 0.05 M CeO₂ thin films grew gradually from 0.61 cm to 14.51 cm. High energy radiation of 59.543 keV and a low density (0.05 M) medium resulted in peak TVL values of 33.423 cm, allowing the radiation to pass through the material with minimal interaction.

The objective of this study was to analyze the metal content in the organs of Oncorhynchus mykiss, commonly known as rainbow trout, at 12 different locations within the cages located in Karacaören II Dam Lake. The metal contents in fish samples were analyzed using a PANalytical Epsilon5 energy dispersive X-ray fluorescence (EDXRF) spectrometer. We will analyze the findings by displaying the fluctuating metal concentrations in various internal organs over the seasons.

In this study, radionuclides Th-232, K-40, Na-22, Eu-152, Ra-226, and Bi-207 were detected in placenta samples from 24 mothers who gave birth between the ages of 20 and 49. A NaI gamma detector with an ORTEC-branded scintillator that measures 7.62 cm x 7.62 cm and has a crystalline thallium-doped yield of 2% at 0.5 MeV and 1.3% at 2 MeV was used to test radionuclides. For 86400s, the placenta samples were counted (24 hours). Using Maestro-32 software, the peak areas in the obtained spectra were captured, entered into the proper equations, and the radionuclide activity concentrations were computed as Bq/g. Th-232, K-40, Na-22, Eu-152, Ra-226, and Bi-207 activity concentrations were determined based on different ages. Th-232, K-40, Na-22, Eu-152, Ra-226, and Bi-207 activity concentrations were found, and they varied depending on the radionuclide's age. These concentrations ranged from 8.470.20 to 34.911.27 Bq/g for Ra-226, from 0.781.03 to 25.581.03 Bq/g for Th-232, from 5.100.35 and 32.371.66 Bq/g for K-40, from 4.620.66 and 14. In order to develop the methodology for a more in-depth analysis, this pilot study evaluated the capability to identify particular radionuclides in placentea samples.

In this study, the seasonal metal pollution of sediment samples taken from twelve distinct notes of the Karacaören II Dam Lake was examined. The quantity of metal in soil samples was determined using energy dispersive X-ray fluorescence spectroscopy. The geoaccumulation index and enrichment factor expressions were created using the metal concentrations found in the sediments. Seasonal values at the local, state, and international levels were compared to the findings. The ratios of the elements copper, zinc, lead, arsenic, nickel, chromium, and mercury, measured in parts per million (ppm), were found to be 42-96, 53-78, 11-14, 4-7, 233-244, and 611-711, respectively. There is also discussion of the sediments' elemental composition and degree of pollution. In contrast, it was found that the Urbach energy increased from 0.246 eV to 0.630 eV with increasing levels of V2O5. These synthetic glasses' densities and molar volumes were also investigated and discussed.

For this experiment, nickel-boron and nickel-boron-nitrogen alloys are created using the electrochemical deposition method. Utilizing energy-dispersive X-ray methods, the nickel-boron and nickel-boron-nitrogen alloys are characterized. X-ray diffraction was used to examine the crystal structure of nickel-boron and nickel-boron-nitrogen alloys. An energy dispersed X-ray fluorescence spectrometer is used to gather X-ray photons from the present samples. The number of radiated X-ray photons from the present specimens is used to compute the K_β/K_α intensity ratios. The theoretical Coulomb and Babushkin gauges are used to calculate the populations of the 3d and 4s4p electrons. The observed data imply that shielding effects from 4s3d orbitals, hybridization, changes in energy levels, and charge transfer mechanism may be the causes of the variance in 3d and 4s4p electron populations. In an effort to clarify the conclusions drawn as a result of all these computations, this study contrasts the results with those of pure nickel.

In this investigation, K shell valance electronic structure of Ni in Ni-B alloy coatings were studied by means of collecting the X-ray emission and XRD spectra. The data obtained were evaluated in terms of the K beta/K alpha X-ray intensity ratios and XRD data. The coated alloys were fabricated with using different concentrations of hexagonal boron nitride (hBN) for this study by electrochemical storage method. Besides saccharine and trimethylamine borane complex (TMAB) were added the current samples at constant concentration. The current specimens were excited by 59.5 keV photons from a 241Am annular radioactive source. K shell X-rays emitted by the specimens were detected by means of an Ultra-LEGe detector with a resolution of 150 eV at 5.9 keV. The K shell X-ray intensity ratios of Ni-B alloys are checked with pure Ni. Variations in the current outcomes were interpreted by the variation in valence electronic structures of Ni in Ni-B/hBN coating materials with doped TMAB and saccharine.

This research focalized on the gamma ray attenuation charesteristics of real bone and manganese substituted Nano hydroxyapatite artificial bone dusts. The current samples were excited with using 59.5 keV photons emitted from an 241Am annular radioisotope source with 50 mCi activity by using a narrow beam transmission geometry and detected with using Ultra Low Energy Germanium detector with a resolution 150 eV at 5,95 keV experimentally. The gamma-ray attenuation parameters such as linear attenuation coefficient, half value layer, tenth value layer and mean free path are also calculated experimentally and theoretically. The present results points out that the attenuation values of the manganese substituted hydroxyapatite artificial bone dust is very close to the value of the real bone.

This investigation focuses on the gamma ray attenuation parameters of natural animal bone, iron, cobalt, copper and zinc doped Nano hydroxyapatite artificial bone powders and pure hydroxyapatite. The present specimens were excited by means of gamma ray photons with 59.5 keV energy radiated from a 241-Amercium annular radioactive source with 50 mCi activity by means of narrow beam transmission geometry. The transmitted gamma-rays were counted with using Ultra Low Energy Germanium (Ultra-LEGe) detector with a resolution 150 eV at 5.95 keV . The gamma-ray attenuation characteristics such as mass attenuation coefficient (MAC) ( µ/ρ ), linear attenuation coefficient (LAC) ( µ) , half value layer (HVL), tenth value layer (TVL) and mean free path (MFP), which has a significant role in the attenuation studies, are also calculated. The values obtained were checked with the predicted values from the XCOM NIST. The results show that the attenuation data of the metal-doped hydroxyapatite synthetic bone dust is very close to the value of the natural animal bone.